{"id":4624,"date":"2026-11-06T10:11:20","date_gmt":"2026-11-06T10:11:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atexcom.fr\/?p=4624"},"modified":"2026-11-02T10:16:46","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T10:16:46","slug":"protection-atex-les-modes-de-protection-du-materiel-en-zone-explosive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atexcom.fr\/en\/protection-atex-les-modes-de-protection-du-materiel-en-zone-explosive\/","title":{"rendered":"Protection ATEX : les modes de protection du mat\u00e9riel en zone explosive"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La protection ATEX d\u00e9signe l&rsquo;ensemble des techniques qui emp\u00eachent un appareil d&rsquo;enflammer une atmosph\u00e8re explosive. Elle repose sur le mode de protection, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire le principe de construction de l&rsquo;appareil (Ex d, Ex e, Ex i). Ce mode d\u00e9termine un niveau de protection, l&rsquo;EPL, qui fixe les zones ATEX dans lesquelles l&rsquo;appareil peut entrer. Le marquage r\u00e9sume ces informations sur chaque appareil certifi\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La directive 2014\/34\/UE et les normes NF EN IEC 60079 encadrent l&rsquo;ensemble. Atexcom d\u00e9taille ici chaque mode de protection et vous montre comment le lire sur un appareil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu&rsquo;est-ce qu&rsquo;un mode de protection ATEX ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un mode de protection est une m\u00e9thode de construction qui emp\u00eache un appareil d&rsquo;enflammer une <a href=\"https:\/\/atexcom.fr\/en\/atmosphere-explosive-definition-et-prevention-en-milieu-industriel\/\">atmosph\u00e8re explosive<\/a>. Il traite les deux risques d&rsquo;un appareil \u00e9lectrique : les <strong>\u00e9tincelles<\/strong> et les <strong>surfaces chaudes<\/strong>. La directive 2014\/34\/UE fixe les exigences essentielles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les normes de la s\u00e9rie NF EN IEC 60079 d\u00e9crivent ensuite chaque mode de protection. La norme 60079-0 pose les r\u00e8gles g\u00e9n\u00e9rales communes \u00e0 tous les modes. Le respect de ces normes conditionne la <a href=\"https:\/\/atexcom.fr\/en\/comprendre-certification-atex\/\">certification ATEX<\/a> de l&rsquo;appareil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chaque mode se rep\u00e8re dans le marquage par le pr\u00e9fixe \u00ab Ex \u00bb suivi d&rsquo;une ou deux lettres : Ex d, Ex e, Ex ib, Ex tc\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les 3 grands principes de protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La plupart des modes de protection reposent sur l&rsquo;un de ces trois principes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Contenir l&rsquo;explosion : l&rsquo;enveloppe antid\u00e9flagrante (Ex d)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;enveloppe antid\u00e9flagrante accepte que le gaz p\u00e9n\u00e8tre dans l&rsquo;appareil. Elle r\u00e9siste en revanche \u00e0 la pression d&rsquo;une explosion interne. Ses joints, usin\u00e9s avec des interstices tr\u00e8s fins, refroidissent les gaz br\u00fbl\u00e9s avant leur sortie. L&rsquo;explosion reste confin\u00e9e et ne se propage pas \u00e0 l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re ext\u00e9rieure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce mode convient aux moteurs, coffrets \u00e9lectriques ou luminaires. Il implique des bo\u00eetiers \u00e9pais et lourds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Emp\u00eacher l&rsquo;\u00e9tincelle : la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 augment\u00e9e (Ex e)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 augment\u00e9e s&rsquo;applique aux appareils qui ne produisent ni arc ni \u00e9tincelle en fonctionnement normal. Le fabricant renforce l&rsquo;isolation, augmente les distances entre conducteurs et limite les \u00e9chauffements. Il \u00e9carte ainsi toute source d&rsquo;inflammation, m\u00eame en cas de d\u00e9faut pr\u00e9visible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On la retrouve sur les bo\u00eetes de jonction, les borniers ou certains moteurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Limiter l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie : la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 intrins\u00e8que (Ex i)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La <a href=\"https:\/\/atexcom.fr\/en\/securite-intrinseque-ex-i-ce-quelle-garantit-en-zone-atex\/\">s\u00e9curit\u00e9 intrins\u00e8que<\/a> agit \u00e0 la source. Elle limite l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique et thermique du circuit sous le seuil n\u00e9cessaire pour enflammer le m\u00e9lange. M\u00eame en cas de court-circuit, l&rsquo;\u00e9tincelle produite reste trop faible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C&rsquo;est le mode de protection de l&rsquo;instrumentation, des capteurs et des terminaux portables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tableau des modes de protection ATEX<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Code<\/th><th>Mode de protection<\/th><th>Principe<\/th><th>Niveau (EPL)<\/th><th>Zones<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ex d<\/td><td>Enveloppe antid\u00e9flagrante<\/td><td>Contient une explosion interne<\/td><td>Gb<\/td><td>1, 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ex e (eb, ec)<\/td><td>S\u00e9curit\u00e9 augment\u00e9e<\/td><td>Supprime arcs, \u00e9tincelles et \u00e9chauffements<\/td><td>Gb, Gc<\/td><td>1, 2 (ec : 2)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ex i (ia, ib, ic)<\/td><td>S\u00e9curit\u00e9 intrins\u00e8que<\/td><td>Limite l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie du circuit<\/td><td>Ga, Gb, Gc \/ Da, Db, Dc<\/td><td>0 \u00e0 2 \/ 20 \u00e0 22 selon le niveau<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ex p (px, py, pz)<\/td><td>Surpression interne<\/td><td>Maintient un gaz de protection sous pression dans l&rsquo;enveloppe<\/td><td>Gb, Gc<\/td><td>1, 2 (pz : 2)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ex m (ma, mb, mc)<\/td><td>Encapsulage<\/td><td>Noie les composants dans une r\u00e9sine<\/td><td>Ga, Gb, Gc \/ Da, Db, Dc<\/td><td>0 \u00e0 2 \/ 20 \u00e0 22 selon le niveau<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ex o<\/td><td>Immersion dans l&rsquo;huile<\/td><td>Isole les composants sous un liquide de protection<\/td><td>Gb, Gc<\/td><td>1, 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ex q<\/td><td>Remplissage pulv\u00e9rulent<\/td><td>Noie les composants dans du sable ou de la poudre<\/td><td>Gb<\/td><td>1, 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ex n<\/td><td>Mode \u00ab n \u00bb<\/td><td>Protection simplifi\u00e9e pour la zone 2 (Ex nA remplac\u00e9 par Ex ec)<\/td><td>Gc<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ex t (ta, tb, tc)<\/td><td>Protection par enveloppe<\/td><td>Emp\u00eache la p\u00e9n\u00e9tration des poussi\u00e8res et limite la temp\u00e9rature de surface<\/td><td>Da, Db, Dc<\/td><td>20, 21, 22<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ex h<\/td><td>Mat\u00e9riel non \u00e9lectrique<\/td><td>Protection des \u00e9quipements m\u00e9caniques (pompes, r\u00e9ducteurs\u2026)<\/td><td>Selon la conception<\/td><td>Selon le niveau<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Niveau de protection et zones : le r\u00f4le de l&rsquo;EPL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un m\u00eame mode de protection ne vaut pas pour toutes les zones. Le niveau de protection du mat\u00e9riel, ou EPL (Equipment Protection Level), fait le lien entre l&rsquo;appareil et la zone :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ga \/ Da<\/strong> : niveau tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9, pour les zones 0 et 20 ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gb \/ Db<\/strong> : niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9, pour les zones 1 et 21 ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gc \/ Dc<\/strong> : niveau normal, pour les zones 2 et 22.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les lettres qui suivent le code du mode indiquent ce niveau. Pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 intrins\u00e8que, \u00ab ia \u00bb reste s\u00fbr avec deux d\u00e9fauts simultan\u00e9s et couvre la zone 0. \u00ab ib \u00bb tol\u00e8re un d\u00e9faut et couvre la zone 1. \u00ab ic \u00bb vaut pour le fonctionnement normal et se limite \u00e0 la zone 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;EPL correspond aux cat\u00e9gories de la directive : Ga \u00e0 la cat\u00e9gorie 1, Gb \u00e0 la cat\u00e9gorie 2, Gc \u00e0 la cat\u00e9gorie 3. Pour savoir quel niveau exiger selon vos zones, consultez notre article sur le <a href=\"https:\/\/atexcom.fr\/en\/atex-zone-1-zone-2-quel-materiel-choisir\/\">mat\u00e9riel adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 la zone 1 ou \u00e0 la zone 2<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gaz ou poussi\u00e8res : des modes de protection sp\u00e9cifiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les poussi\u00e8res combustibles posent un risque diff\u00e9rent des gaz. Elles s&rsquo;infiltrent dans les enveloppes, se d\u00e9posent sur les surfaces chaudes et peuvent s&rsquo;enflammer en couche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le mode <strong>Ex t<\/strong> r\u00e9pond \u00e0 ce risque. L&rsquo;enveloppe emp\u00eache la poussi\u00e8re d&rsquo;entrer et maintient une temp\u00e9rature de surface inf\u00e9rieure au point d&rsquo;inflammation des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts. Le marquage pr\u00e9cise alors le groupe de poussi\u00e8res : IIIA pour les fibres, IIIB pour les poussi\u00e8res non conductrices, IIIC pour les poussi\u00e8res conductrices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certains modes couvrent les deux risques. La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 intrins\u00e8que et l&rsquo;encapsulage existent en version gaz et en version poussi\u00e8res. Un appareil peut donc porter deux marquages distincts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lire le mode de protection sur un terminal mobile<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un smartphone , une radio ou une <a href=\"https:\/\/atexcom.fr\/en\/tablettes\/\">tablette ATEX<\/a> ne peut pas reposer sur une enveloppe antid\u00e9flagrante : l&rsquo;appareil serait bien trop lourd. Les terminaux portables s&rsquo;appuient donc sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 intrins\u00e8que, qui limite l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie de la batterie et des circuits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deux exemples tir\u00e9s de la gamme i.safe Mobile :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Smartphone IS540.1<\/strong> : II 2G Ex ib IIC T4 Gb. La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 intrins\u00e8que de niveau \u00ab ib \u00bb donne un EPL Gb. L&rsquo;appareil entre en zone 1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Smartphone IS880.2<\/strong> : II 3G Ex ic IIC T4 Gc. Le niveau \u00ab ic \u00bb donne un EPL Gc. L&rsquo;appareil reste limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la zone 2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les deux mod\u00e8les portent aussi un marquage poussi\u00e8res (Ex ib IIIC pour l&rsquo;un, Ex ic IIIC pour l&rsquo;autre). Comparez les mod\u00e8les de nos <a href=\"https:\/\/atexcom.fr\/en\/smartphone-telephone-atex-certifies\/\">smartphones ATEX<\/a> certifi\u00e9s Zone 1\/21 et 2\/22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Protection ATEX de l&rsquo;entreprise : le mat\u00e9riel ne fait pas tout<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le mode de protection garantit qu&rsquo;un appareil ne d\u00e9clenche pas d&rsquo;explosion. La protection d&rsquo;un site repose sur une d\u00e9marche plus large, impos\u00e9e par la directive 1999\/92\/CE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;employeur doit d&rsquo;abord \u00e9valuer le risque et r\u00e9aliser le <a href=\"https:\/\/atexcom.fr\/en\/calcul-zonage-atex-comment-sont-determinees-les-zones-a-risque-dexplosion\/\">calcul du zonage ATEX<\/a>. Il met ensuite en place des mesures de pr\u00e9vention pour \u00e9viter la formation d&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8res explosives : ventilation, confinement, nettoyage. Il pr\u00e9voit enfin des mesures pour limiter les effets d&rsquo;une explosion. L&rsquo;ensemble figure dans le DRPCE. Le choix d&rsquo;un mat\u00e9riel au bon mode de protection intervient en aval de ce travail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour retrouver les textes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, consultez notre page sur les <a href=\"https:\/\/atexcom.fr\/en\/normes-atex\/\">normes ATEX<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vous devez \u00e9quiper vos op\u00e9rateurs en zone 1\/21 ou 2\/22 ? <a href=\"https:\/\/atexcom.fr\/en\/\">Atexcom<\/a> vous oriente vers les terminaux dont le mode de protection correspond \u00e0 vos zones. <a href=\"https:\/\/atexcom.fr\/en\/contact\/\">Contactez-nous<\/a> pour \u00e9changer sur votre besoin.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAQ &#8211; Les questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quel est le mode de protection le plus s\u00fbr ?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aucun mode n&rsquo;est s\u00fbr dans l&rsquo;absolu. Tout d\u00e9pend du niveau de protection. Les modes de niveau Ga, comme Ex ia ou Ex ma, offrent la protection la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e et couvrent la zone 0. Le bon choix reste celui qui correspond \u00e0 la zone, au type d&rsquo;appareil et aux substances pr\u00e9sentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un mat\u00e9riel Ex d peut-il \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 en zone 0 ?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, non. L&rsquo;enveloppe antid\u00e9flagrante offre un niveau Gb, valable pour les zones 1 et 2. La zone 0 exige un niveau Ga, propre \u00e0 des modes comme Ex ia ou Ex ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelle diff\u00e9rence entre antid\u00e9flagrant et s\u00e9curit\u00e9 intrins\u00e8que ?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;antid\u00e9flagrant (Ex d) contient une explosion qui se produit \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur de l&rsquo;appareil. La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 intrins\u00e8que (Ex i) emp\u00eache l&rsquo;explosion de se produire en limitant l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie. Dans le langage courant, \u00ab antid\u00e9flagrant \u00bb d\u00e9signe souvent tout mat\u00e9riel ATEX, quel que soit son mode de protection. Les normes de marquage ATEX et IECEx reprennent les m\u00eames modes de protection : voir notre comparatif IECEx vs ATEX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La protection ATEX d\u00e9signe l&rsquo;ensemble des techniques qui emp\u00eachent un appareil d&rsquo;enflammer une atmosph\u00e8re explosive. Elle repose sur le mode de protection, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire le principe de construction de l&rsquo;appareil (Ex d, Ex e, Ex i). Ce mode d\u00e9termine un niveau de protection, l&rsquo;EPL, qui fixe les zones ATEX dans lesquelles l&rsquo;appareil peut entrer. Le marquage [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4625,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Protection ATEX : les modes de protection Ex d, Ex e, Ex i<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ex d, Ex e, Ex i, Ex p, Ex t : comprendre les modes de protection ATEX, leur niveau EPL et les zones autoris\u00e9es. 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